第二verything 是一個 Linux 文件,它可以幫助 ls* 和朋友從您的系統中挖掘出比您最初想像的更多的信息。當您需要在不通過 /proc 或 sysfs 的情況下快速查找信息時,這些 Linux 技巧很有用。

#1:lsscsi

列出 Linux 操作系統中的 SCSI 設備(或主機)及其屬性。
$ lsscsi -g

示例輸出:

[0:0:0:0]    disk    Adaptec  RAID1-A          V1.0  /dev/sda   /dev/sg0
[0:1:0:0]    disk    SEAGATE  ST373455SS       0006  -         /dev/sg1
[0:1:1:0]    disk    SEAGATE  ST373455SS       0006  -         /dev/sg2
[1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  TEAC     DV-28E-R         1.8A  /dev/sr0   /dev/sg3

#2:lsblk

使用此命令列出塊設備
# lsblk

示例輸出:

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    1  68.3G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    1   716M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    1     8G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    1  59.6G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

檢查文件系統類型。
# lsblk -f

示例輸出:

NAME   FSTYPE LABEL MOUNTPOINT
sda                 
├─sda1 ext2         /boot
├─sda2 swap         [SWAP]
└─sda3 ext4         /
sr0                 

要打印有關權限的信息:
# lsblk -m

示例輸出:

NAME     SIZE OWNER GROUP MODE
sda     68.3G root  disk  brw-rw----
├─sda1   716M root  disk  brw-rw----
├─sda2     8G root  disk  brw-rw----
└─sda3  59.6G root  disk  brw-rw----
sr0     1024M root  cdrom brw-rw----

#3:lsb_release

要使用此命令顯示特定於 Linux 發行版的信息,請輸入:
# lsb_release
# lsb_release -a

示例輸出:

LSB Version:	:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID:	CentOS
Description:	CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
Release:	5.8
Codename:	Final

#4:lsusb

使用以下命令在基於 Linux 的系統上查看 USB 總線和連接到它的設備。
$ lsusb

示例輸出:

Bus 002 Device 004: ID 045e:00db Microsoft Corp. Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 V1.0
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 046d:c52f Logitech, Inc. Wireless Mouse M305
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 413c:8160 Dell Computer Corp. Wireless 365 Bluetooth
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 413c:8162 Dell Computer Corp. Integrated Touchpad [Synaptics]
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 413c:8161 Dell Computer Corp. Integrated Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0a5c:4500 Broadcom Corp. BCM2046B1 USB 2.0 Hub (part of BCM2046 Bluetooth)
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0a5c:5800 Broadcom Corp. BCM5880 Secure Applications Processor
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

#5:lscpu

lscpu 命令顯示有關 CPU 架構信息的信息,例如 Linux 上的 CPU、線程和內核數。
$ lscpu

示例輸出:

Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
CPU(s):                8
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    4
CPU socket(s):         1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 30
Stepping:              5
CPU MHz:               1199.000
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              8192K

#6:lspci

lspci 命令顯示有關係統中 PCI 總線和連接到它們的設備的信息。
$ lspci

示例輸出:

00:00.0 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800 Host Bridge (rev 14)
00:00.1 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 Error Reporting
00:00.2 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 Host Bus Control
00:00.3 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800 PCI to PCI Bridge
00:00.4 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 Power Management Control
00:00.5 PIC: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 APIC and Central Traffic Control
00:00.6 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 Scratch Registers
00:00.7 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 North-South Module Interface Control
00:01.0 VGA compatible controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 Chrome 9 HC3 Integrated Graphics (rev 11)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 PCI Express Root Port
00:03.0 PCI bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 PCI Express Root Port
00:03.1 PCI bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 PCI Express Root Port
00:0f.0 IDE interface: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800 Serial ATA and EIDE Controller
00:10.0 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xxxxx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev a0)
00:10.1 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xxxxx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev a0)
00:10.2 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xxxxx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev a0)
00:10.4 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. USB 2.0 (rev 90)
00:11.0 ISA bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820 Bus Control and Power Management
00:11.7 Host bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX8xx South-North Module Interface Control
00:13.0 PCI bridge: VIA Technologies, Inc. VX855/VX875/VX900 PCI to PCI Bridge
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6120/VT6121/VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (rev 82)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6120/VT6121/VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (rev 82)

您可以使用 lspci 命令來確定當前運行的 Linux 內核是否支持特定的 PCI 硬件。在本例中,我們將檢查是否支持威盛科技的以太網控制器 VT6120/VT6121/VT6122。
# lspci | grep VT6120

示例輸出:
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6120/VT6121/VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (rev 82)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6120/VT6121/VT6122 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (rev 82)

第一個字段 02:00.0 和 03:00.0 的標識符。使用 lspci -n 獲取設備 02:00.0 和 03:00.0 的結果,如下所示:
# lspci -n | grep '0[2|3]:00.0'

示例輸出:

02:00.0 0200: 1106:3119 (rev 82)
03:00.0 0200: 1106:3119 (rev 82)

使用型號 ID#3119 搜索驅動程序,如下所示:
# grep 3119 /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.alias

示例輸出:

alias pci:v00001106d00003119sv*sd*bc*sc*i* via_velocity

威盛網速系列千兆網卡需要via_velocity驅動。
# modinfo via_velocity

示例輸出:

filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/via-velocity.ko
description:    VIA Networking Velocity Family Gigabit Ethernet Adapter Driver
license:        GPL
author:         VIA Networking Technologies, Inc.
alias:          pci:v00001106d00003119sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:        crc-ccitt
vermagic:       2.6.32-5-amd64 SMP mod_unload modversions 
parm:           RxDescriptors:Number of receive descriptors (array of int)
parm:           TxDescriptors:Number of transmit descriptors (array of int)
parm:           rx_thresh:Receive fifo threshold (array of int)
parm:           DMA_length:DMA length (array of int)
parm:           IP_byte_align:Enable IP header dword aligned (array of int)
parm:           txcsum_offload:Enable transmit packet checksum offload (array of int)
parm:           flow_control:Enable flow control ability (array of int)
parm:           speed_duplex:Setting the speed and duplex mode (array of int)
parm:           ValPktLen:Receiving or Drop invalid 802.3 frame (array of int)
parm:           wol_opts:Wake On Lan options (array of int)
parm:           int_works:Number of packets per interrupt services (array of int)
parm:           rx_copybreak:Copy breakpoint for copy-only-tiny-frames (int)

#7: lshw/lshw-gtk

lshw 命令檢索有關服務器或機器的硬件配置的詳細信息。

lshw
 
### See hardware in a compact format##
lshw -short
 
###  Only see disks and storage controllers in the system ###
lshw -class disk -class storage
 
### Only show all network interfaces in HTML fomrat ###
lshw -html -class network
 
## Graphical information about hardware configuration ###
lshw-gtk

示例輸出(取自 lshw -short 命令):

了解如何使用 lshw 命令查找有關硬盤驅動器、內存速度、pci 設備等的詳細信息。您還可以使用這些 Linux 命令來收集有關您的 Linux 系統和硬件的信息。

#8:我

使用 ls 命令列出目錄的內容。

 ## common examples of ls, see man page more info ##
ls
ls -l ## long format 
ls -F ## appends a character revealing the nature of a file
ls -a ## Show all files including hidden files
ls -R ## recursively lists subdirectories
ls -d ## Get info about a symbolic link or directory
ls -t ## Sort the list of files by modification time
ls -h ## Show sizes in human readable format
ls -B ## In directories, ignore files that end with ‘~’ (backup files)
ls -Z ## Display the SELinux security context
ls --group-directories-first -l ## Show directories first (group directories). Useful on server.
ls --color ##  Colorize the ls output 
ls --hide='*.txt' -l ## Hide or  ignore files whose names ends with .txt

#9:lsof

使用此命令列出打開的文件、網絡端口、活動進程 L 等。

 ### command lsof command examples ##
lsof | less # List all open file
lsof -u vivek -i # See all files  opened by user "vivek"
lsof -i 4 -a -p 7007 # List all open IPv4 network files in use by the process whose PID is 7007
lsof -i TCP:80  # Find process running on tcp port 80
lsof -i 6 # List only open IPv6 network files
lsof -i 4 # List only open IPv4 network files
lsof -i TCP:1-1024 # List process open in port range 1 to 1024
lsof -i @server1.cyberciti.biz:2000-2005 # List all files using any protocol on ports 2000 to 2005 of host server1.cyberciti.biz, use:              
lsof /dev/sr0 # List all open files on device /dev/sr0
lsof /dev/dvd # Find out why my DVD drive does not eject?
lsof -i -u^root # See all files open by all users except root
lsof /etc/foobar # Find out who's looking at the /etc/foobar file?

#10:lsattr

使用 lsattr 列出第二個擴展文件系統的文件屬性。 連root都不能編輯或刪除文件?使用 lsattr 列出文件。
$ lsattr /etc/passwd

示例輸出:

------------------- /etc/passwd

要在 Linux 操作系統上寫保護文件,請使用 chattr 命令。
# echo 'Test' > foobar
# chattr +i foobar
# lsattr foobar

示例輸出:

----i-------------- foobar

嘗試以 root 身份刪除(刪除)foobar:
# rm foobar

示例輸出:

rm: cannot remove `foobar': Operation not permitted

刪除 IMMUTABLE 功能。即無法更改文件。您不能刪除或重命名文件、創建文件鏈接或將數據寫入文件。
# chattr -i foobar

#11:伊薩爾

使用 lshal 命令列出 HAL(硬件抽象層)設備數據庫中的項目。 HAL 為應用程序檢測系統上的硬件提供了一種簡單的方法。
# lshal | less
### get info about your hardware
# lshal -u /org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer

示例輸出:

udi = '/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer'
  info.addons = {'hald-addon-cpufreq', 'hald-addon-acpi'} (string list)
  info.callouts.add = {'hal-storage-cleanup-all-mountpoints'} (string list)
  info.interfaces = {'org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.SystemPowerManagement'} (string list)
  info.product="Computer"  (string)
  info.subsystem = 'unknown'  (string)
  info.udi = '/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer'  (string)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.SystemPowerManagement.method_argnames = {'num_seconds_to_sleep', 'num_seconds_to_sleep', '', '', '', 'enable_power_save'} (string list)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.SystemPowerManagement.method_execpaths = {'hal-system-power-suspend', 'hal-system-power-suspend-hybrid', 'hal-system-power-hibernate', 'hal-system-power-shutdown', 'hal-system-power-reboot', 'hal-system-power-set-power-save'} (string list)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.SystemPowerManagement.method_names = {'Suspend', 'SuspendHybrid', 'Hibernate', 'Shutdown', 'Reboot', 'SetPowerSave'} (string list)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.SystemPowerManagement.method_signatures = {'i', 'i', '', '', '', 'b'} (string list)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.version = '0.5.14'  (string)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.version.major = 0  (0x0)  (int)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.version.micro = 14  (0xe)  (int)
  org.freedesktop.Hal.version.minor = 5  (0x5)  (int)
  power_management.acpi.linux.version = '20110623'  (string)
  power_management.can_hibernate = true  (bool)
  power_management.can_suspend = true  (bool)
  power_management.can_suspend_hybrid = true  (bool)
  power_management.is_powersave_set = false  (bool)
  power_management.quirk.dpms_on = true  (bool)
  power_management.quirk.vbe_post = true  (bool)
  power_management.type="acpi"  (string)
  system.board.product="0R1203"  (string)
  system.board.serial=".XXXXXXX.CN4864304M0335."  (string)
  system.board.vendor="Dell Inc."  (string)
  system.board.version = ''  (string)
  system.chassis.manufacturer="Dell Inc."  (string)
  system.chassis.type="Portable"  (string)
  system.firmware.release_date="12/06/2011"  (string)
  system.firmware.vendor="Dell Inc."  (string)
  system.firmware.version = 'A08'  (string)
  system.formfactor="laptop"  (string)
  system.hardware.primary_video.product = 1567  (0x61f)  (int)
  system.hardware.primary_video.vendor = 4318  (0x10de)  (int)
  system.hardware.product="Precision M6500"  (string)
  system.hardware.serial="XXXXXXX"  (string)
  system.hardware.uuid = 'ZZZZC-XXXXXXX-104C-XXXXXXX-YYYYY'  (string)
  system.hardware.vendor="Dell Inc."  (string)
  system.hardware.version = ''  (string)
  system.kernel.machine="x86_64"  (string)
  system.kernel.name="Linux"  (string)
  system.kernel.version = '3.2.0-0.bpo.1-amd64'  (string)
  system.kernel.version.major = 3  (0x3)  (int)
  system.kernel.version.micro = 0  (0x0)  (int)
  system.kernel.version.minor = 2  (0x2)  (int)

#12: lsinitramfs

使用此命令顯示指定的 initramfs 映像的內容。允許您快速檢查一個(或多個)指定的 initramfs 文件的內容。這對於找出特定驅動程序(例如 RAID 設備驅動程序)是否包含在 initramfs 映像中很有用。

# See initramfs content of current running Linux kernel
lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r) 
 
## See if nvme driver included or not using the grep command ##
lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r) | grep nvme
 
## long and verbose mode ##
lsinitramfs -l /boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r)
 
# Find out if transparent encryption / decryption driver included or not
lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r) | grep 'dm-'

示例輸出(意味著 Linux 可以加密整個硬盤並在啟動時包含支持):

lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/md/dm-snapshot.ko
lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/md/dm-crypt.ko
lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mirror.ko
lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region-hash.ko
lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko
lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko

#13:lsmod

要列出當前加載到 Linux 內核中的所有設備驅動程序,請使用以下命令:
# lsmod

示例輸出(取自在開源 Tomato 固件上運行的 ASUS RT-16 路由器)

Module                  Size  Used by    Tainted: P  
ohci_hcd               21552  0 
ehci_hcd               40752  0 
ext2                   67712  0 
ext3                  136576  0 
jbd                    62080  1 ext3
mbcache                 7280  2 ext2,ext3
usb_storage            50048  0 
sd_mod                 27440  0 
scsi_wait_scan           960  0 
scsi_mod              105376  3 usb_storage,sd_mod,scsi_wait_scan
usbcore               147344  4 ohci_hcd,ehci_hcd,usb_storage
nf_nat_pptp             2592  0 
nf_conntrack_pptp       6000  1 nf_nat_pptp
nf_nat_proto_gre        2128  1 nf_nat_pptp
nf_conntrack_proto_gre     4160  1 nf_conntrack_pptp
wl                   1884144  0 
igs                    17936  1 wl
emf                    22720  2 wl,igs
et                     59744  0 

要確定您是否正在運行名為 ath_pci 的模塊(確保為您的特定設備加載了該模塊):
# lsmod | grep ath_pci

#14:lspcmcia

請參閱有關基於 Linux 的系統上的 PCMCIA 套接字和設備的信息。
# lspcmcia

示例輸出:

Socket 0 Bridge:   	[yenta_cardbus] 	(bus ID: 0000:03:01.0)

#15:木頭

使用此命令檢測新的 wiimote(Wii Remote),它是 Nintendo Wii 控制台的主控制器。 可以和 X 一起使用來控制光標之類的東西。
# lswm

#16:LSDVD

使用此命令讀取 DVD 的內容,將內容打印到顯示器,然後轉儲它們以在外部應用程序中進一步處理。

lsdvd     # Default output, show info in human readable 
lsdvd -a  # See information about audio streams
lsdvd -c  # See chapter information
lsdvd -s  # See subpicture information (e.g. subtitles)
lsdvd -s -t track-number
lsdvd -a -t 1

示例輸出:

libdvdread: Using libdvdcss version 1.2.10 for DVD access
Disc Title: DVD_VIDEO
Title: 01, Length: 00:22:01.000 Chapters: 06, Cells: 06, Audio streams: 04, Subpictures: 21
	Audio: 1, Language: en - English, Format: ac3, Frequency: 48000, Quantization: drc, Channels: 2, AP: 0, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x80
	Audio: 2, Language: fr - Francais, Format: ac3, Frequency: 48000, Quantization: drc, Channels: 2, AP: 0, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x81
	Audio: 3, Language: de - Deutsch, Format: ac3, Frequency: 48000, Quantization: drc, Channels: 2, AP: 0, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x82
	Audio: 4, Language: en - English, Format: ac3, Frequency: 48000, Quantization: drc, Channels: 2, AP: 0, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x83

您可以使用 mplayer 播放 DVD。
$ mplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

#17:lslk

使用以下命令列出與系統本地文件關聯的所有鎖:
# lslk

示例輸出:

SRC            PID   DEV     INUM        SZ TY M         ST WH        END LEN NAME
portmap       1354 254,1  4309006         5  w 0          0  0          0   0 /var/run/portmap.pid
atd           2124 254,1  4309014         5  w 0          0  0          0   0 /var/run/atd.pid
mysqld        2404 254,1  6824038   5242880  w 0          0  0          0   0 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1
mysqld        2404 254,1  6824037   5242880  w 0          0  0          0   0 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
mysqld        2404 254,1  6824036  27262976  w 0          0  0          0   0 /var/lib/mysql/ibdata1
(unknown)     2807 254,1  4309033            w 0          0  0          0   0 / (rootfs)
compiz        3398 254,1  7815224     81090  w 0          0  0          0   0 /home/vivek/.nv/GLCache/a147bc5d819e1646d5baf3c8f0a017e4/8bdcca7527c339d4/736353d788902c9e.bin
compiz        3398 254,1  7815223      7668  w 0          0  0          0   0 /home/vivek/.nv/GLCache/a147bc5d819e1646d5baf3c8f0a017e4/8bdcca7527c339d4/736353d788902c9e.toc
python        3427 254,1  4030467         0  w 0          0  0          0   0 /home/vivek/.hplip/hp-systray.lock
chrome        3567 254,1  3956948     12288  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/Login Data
chrome        3567 254,1  3957700 135782400  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/History Index 2012-06
chrome        3567 254,1  3957049 120713216  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/History Index 2012-07
chrome        3567 254,1  3956937  15605760  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/Favicons
chrome        3567 254,1  3957883   1155072  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/Shortcuts
chrome        3567 254,1  3957138  61657088  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/History Index 2012-08
chrome        3567 254,1  3956932  24100864  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/History
chrome        3567 254,1  3957892   3702784  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/Network Action Predictor
chrome        3567 254,1  3956926    552960  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/Web Data
chrome        3567 254,1  3956809     57344  r 0 1073741826  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.config/google-chrome/Default/Archived History
firefox       3575 254,1  3964960    425984  w 0 1073741824  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/addons.sqlite
firefox       3575 254,1  3964948   1114112  r 0 1073741826  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/extensions.sqlite
firefox       3575 254,1  3973490    983040  r 0 1073741826  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/StumbleUpon/user6896004.sqlite
firefox       3575 254,1  8364042     32768  r 0        128  0        128   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/places.sqlite-shm
firefox       3575 254,1  3964949  20971520  r 0 1073741826  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/places.sqlite
firefox       3575 254,1  8364040     32768  r 0        128  0        128   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/cookies.sqlite-shm
firefox       3575 254,1  3964961   1048576  r 0 1073741826  0 1073742335   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/cookies.sqlite
firefox       3575 254,1  3964944         0  w 0          0  0          0   0 /home/vivek/.mozilla/firefox/j7nk7e8h.default/.parentlock
chrome        6326 254,1  7815216     88822  w 0          0  0          0   0 /home/vivek/.nv/GLCache/a147bc5d819e1646d5baf3c8f0a017e4/8bdcca7527c339d4/bc35a2d21bc47b1d.bin
chrome        6326 254,1  7815215      2676  w 0          0  0          0   0 /home/vivek/.nv/GLCache/a147bc5d819e1646d5baf3c8f0a017e4/8bdcca7527c339d4/bc35a2d21bc47b1d.toc
transmission 10465 254,1 11468802         0  w 0          0  0          0   0 /home/vivek/.config/transmission/lock

#18:lsmbox

使用此命令可顯示郵箱中的郵件數。 對於一個或多個郵箱文件,您可以列出所有未讀但不包括舊郵件和新郵件。

lsmbox !     # Get information about your inbox
lsmbox spam support family   # Get information about the mailboxes spam, support, and family  
lsmbox ~/foo # Get information about the mailbox foo which resides in your home directory

#19:LSC 集團

使用此命令列出所有 cgroup(控制組)。這是一個 Linux 內核特性,用於限制、說明和隔離進程組的資源使用(CPU、內存、磁盤 I/O 等)。
# lscgroup

#20:lsdiff

使用此命令查看補丁修改的文件。 o 要對補丁中文件的修改順序進行排序,您可以使用:
$ lsdiff patch | sort -u | xargs -rn1 filterdiff patch -i

要僅顯示添加到補丁的文件:
$ lsdiff -s patch | grep '^+' | cut -c2- | xargs -rn1 filterdiff patch -i

要顯示所有文件塊的標題:
$ lsdiff -n patch | (while read n file do sed -ne "$n,$(($n+1))p" patch done)

#21:lspst

使用此命令列出 PST(MS Outlook 個人文件夾)文件數據。生成一個簡單的數據列表(聯繫人、電子郵件主題等)。
$ lspst mypst-file

#22: lsdnssec

使用 lsdnssec 命令匯總有關 DNSSEC 相關文件的信息。這些文件可以在命令行中指定,也可以在命令行指定的目錄中找到。 -d 標誌控制 lsdnssec 輸出中的詳細信息量。
# lsdnssec file

lsdnssec 為其收集信息的每個區域顯示以下信息。

keys
    Key information is shown about the keys currently in use. A bar graph is included that shows the age of the key with respect to the configured expected key-life time.
    This information is collected from any .krf files lsdnssec finds. 

rolling status
    If any zone keys are being rolled via rollerd, then the status of the rolling state is shown. The time needed to reach the next state is also displayed.
    This information is collected from any .rollrec files found by lsdnssec. 

#23:lsmem

lsmem 命令列出可用內存範圍及其在線狀態。列出的內存塊對應於 sysfs 內存塊表示。語法是:

lsmem
## List each individual memory block ##
lsmem -a
## Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human-readable format ##
lsmem -b

#24:lsdev

lsdev 命令從 /proc 目錄中的中斷、ioport 和 dma 文件中獲取有關計算機上安裝的硬件的信息。這使您可以快速查看哪個硬件正在使用哪個 I/O 地址以及哪個 IRQ 和 DMA 通道。

lsdev
lsdev | more

#25:lslocks

想要列出當前在您的 Linux 系統上持有的所有文件鎖的信息嗎?嘗試:
lslocks

輸出包含以下數據:

  • 命令 : 持有鎖的進程的命令名。
  • PID : 持有鎖的進程的進程 ID,或 -1 表示 OFDLCK。
  • 類型 :鎖的類型;FLOCK(由flock(2)創建)、POSIX(由fcntl(2)和lockf(3)創建)或OFDLCK(由fcntl(2)創建)。
  • 尺寸 : 鎖定文件的大小。
  • 模型 : 鎖定訪問權限(讀、寫)。如果進程被阻塞等待鎖定,則模式將以“*”(星號)結束。
  • : 是否強制鎖定。 0 表示否(表示鎖定只是建議性的),1 表示是。 (參見 fcntl(2))。
  • 開始 : 鎖的相對字節偏移量。
  • 結尾 : 鎖的結束偏移量。
  • 小路 : 鎖的完整路徑。如果找不到路徑或者您沒有讀取路徑的權限,請退回到設備掛載點並將“…”附加到路徑中。路徑可能會被截斷。使用 –notruncate 獲取完整路徑。
  • 阻滯劑 :阻塞鎖的進程的PID。

#26:伊薩爾

想要查看/列出存檔文件的內容?試試 lsar:
lsar file.tar.gz
lsar docs.zip

以 JSON 格式輸出清單。
lsar -j data.tar.gz

您還可以測試存檔中文件的完整性:
lsar -t bar.tgz

您可以指定用於解密受保護檔案的密碼。
lsar -p MY_PASSWORD /path/to/arhive.file

#27:登錄

Linux 系統管理員和開發人員可以看到有關係統上已知用戶的信息。
lslogins

只能打印有關指定用戶的所有可用詳細信息。例如,要顯示有關名為“vivek”的用戶的信息:
lslogins vivek

#28:lsgpu

列出系統中的 GPU。
lsgpu

有關更多信息,請參閱前 7 個 Linux GPU 監控和診斷命令行工具。

#29:伊斯托波

想查看你的 Linux 系統的拓撲結構嗎?試試:
lstopo

Linux 顯示系統命令拓撲

#30:lsipc

lsipc 命令顯示有關調用進程具有讀取訪問權限的進程間通信設施的信息。
lsipc

RESOURCE DESCRIPTION                                              LIMIT  USED  USE%
MSGMNI   Number of message queues                                 32000     0 0.00%
MSGMAX   Max size of message (bytes)                               8192     -     -
MSGMNB   Default max size of queue (bytes)                        16384     -     -
SHMMNI   Shared memory segments                                    4096    27 0.66%
SHMALL   Shared memory pages                       18446744073692774399 27868 0.00%
SHMMAX   Max size of shared memory segment (bytes) 18446744073692774399     -     -
SHMMIN   Min size of shared memory segment (bytes)                    1     -     -
SEMMNI   Number of semaphore identifiers                          32000     2 0.01%
SEMMNS   Total number of semaphores                          1024000000     2 0.00%
SEMMSL   Max semaphores per semaphore set.                        32000     -     -
SEMOPM   Max number of operations per semop(2)                      500     -     -
SEMVMX   Semaphore max value                                      32767     -     -

添加

本文的目的是介紹 Linux 系統的已知和未知 ls* 命令。當然,您應該使用手冊頁來獲取有關語法和命令行選項的完整信息。 人命令例子:
man lsipc
man lslogins

你有最喜歡的 Linux ls* 命令或腳本嗎?在下面的評論中分享。